低温条件下生物除磷系统的强化启动和运行

本文通过对比试验对冬季低温条件下生物除磷系统的启动和运行进行了研究，结果表明，低温条件下：(1)温度对生物除磷系统的影响是通过影响有机物的酸化水解而间接产生作用的；(2)通过人工投加HAc使污水中VFA≥80mg／L时，可以顺利启动生物除磷系统；(3)设置独立水解酸化池，可以提高生物除磷效果，在进水COD=150～300mg/L、磷酸盐=5mg／L时，出水磷酸盐≤1mg／L；(4)低温条件下按照水解-外循环ERP-SBR方式运行时，在磷酸盐浓度高达10mg／L的情况下仍能保证出水磷酸盐浓度≤0．5mg／L。     

神经网络在海水腐蚀预测中的应用

根据我国材料自然环境腐蚀网站长期以来积累的海水腐蚀数据,采用BP人工神经网络算法,建立了碳钢及低合金钢的海水腐蚀预测模型.该模型以合金成分、环境因素为输入参数,以平均腐蚀速率为输出参数.以碳钢、低合金钢的17种钢种在青岛、厦门、榆林海水腐蚀试验站16年腐蚀数据建模.选定A3钢与10CrCuSiV在以上三地16年的腐蚀数据为验证样本.结果表明该网络具有良好的预测精度,能够正确反映海水环境腐蚀性因素及金属材料腐蚀暴露时间与其腐蚀速率的关系,用于碳钢及低合金钢在海洋全浸环境中的腐蚀预测.     

反应堆控制棒驱动机构电机温升试验研究

目的 研究电机在不同工况下的温升情况,完成电机散热能力评估,为电机散热优化和工程通风设计提供参考.方法 模拟驱动机构实际运行环境,在断风条件下进行自然散热温升试验,获取电机温升最大工作模式,并在该模式下进行2种风速条件下的通风试验,获取定子绕组的平衡温度.当定子绕组达到热平衡后,切断通风,进行断风试验,获取最大断风时间.结果 电机温升最大时,工作模式为三相通电,增大风速可降低定子外壁温度,提高定子绕组与定子外壁的温差.三相通电工况下,5 m/s和8 m/s风速下最大断风时间分别为15 min和22 min.结论 开展了电机温升试验研究,获得了典型工况下电机的温升状况,为电机散热优化和工程通风设计提供了参考.     

干法加氨脱除SO2中的温度效应

研究了在ＮＨ３参与下，干法脱除ＳＯ２中的温度效应，实验结果表明，在ＳＯ２与ＮＨ３的热化学反应中，反应程度随温度上升呈线性下降，然而，在脉冲电晕条件下，ＳＯ２脱率却随温度上升呈现非线性变化，通过测定不同温度下的产物组成，揭示了在脉８冲电晕放电条件，干法脱除ＳＯ２存在两条平反应途径；（１）先成盐后氧化；（２）先氧化后成盐，在较高温度下反应主要按第（２）条途径进行。     

湿法烟气脱硫应用中的几个问题探讨

对火电厂应用石灰石 石膏法烟气脱硫中遇到的几个实际问题进行分析和讨论 ,重点讨论分析了湿法烟气脱硫和烟气温度、烟气抬升高度、烟气扩散的关系 ,并分析了湿法烟气脱硫对烟囱产生的腐蚀影响     

试用平炉尘制备中温变换催化剂

利用钢铁厂平炉尘制备中温变换催化剂,制备成本低,工艺简单,活性达到部颁标准,具有明显的经济效益.     

Effects of alternating temperatures on development and reproduction of the armyworm,Mythimna separata (Walker)

Effects of cycling and constant temperature on development and reproduction of the armyworm, Mythimna separata (Walker) were investigated by rearing the insects on the artificial diet under temperatures covering low(16-24℃ vs. 20 ℃ ), medial(20-28℃ vs. 24℃ ) and high(24-32 ℃ vs. 28 ℃) regions. In the low region, all the immature stages of the insect developed significantly faster under alternating temperatures than at corresponding constant temperatures. For the medial region, their development was little affected by variable temperatures. For the high region, developmental durations tended to be longer under cycling temperatures except egg stage.Mean fecundities of the adult moths markedly increased under cycling temperatures as compared with those at respective constant temperature in all regions.Possible reasons for effect of alternating temperatures on insect development are discussed in some details.     

深度平均的应力-通量代数全场模型及其验证

提出了深度平均的应力—通量代数全场模型，用来模拟热水侧向排入大水体的各向异性的输移扩散规律。应用有限体积法对控制方程进行离散，利用ＳＩＭＰＬＥ法进行数值模拟。通过该模式的模拟计算给出了速度场、温度场的分布。所得的回流区形状及温度场分布与深度平均的ｋ－ε模型及实验资料对比，本文的计算结果与实测值符合得较好     

阳离子型聚合物对低温低浊水的絮凝效果与形态学特性

采用微絮凝-深床直接过滤工艺,以西安市曲江水厂低温低浊水质为原水(水温低于10 ℃,初始浊度低于10NTU),投加阳离子型聚合物(简称CP)作主混凝剂或助凝剂,借助分形数学理论与图像分析技术,对滤料粒径、原水浊度、原水温度、药剂种类、聚合物分子量及投加量、混合强度等因素对处理效果的影响进行了研究,分析探讨了不同药剂处理低温低浊水的作用机理、絮凝形态学特征以及絮体结构的分形特性.结果表明,①当温度低于4 ℃、初始浊度小于4NTU时,不宜单独采用Al2(SO4)3或PAC作为絮凝剂;当温度为4～10 ℃、初始浊度小于10NTU时,如果只投加Al2(SO4)3或PAC作为絮凝剂,宜用细砂滤料过滤;低温低浊条件下,无机混凝剂形成的絮体粒径小、结构松散脆弱、有效质量密度低、沉速慢,但表征絮体分形特性的分维值较高.②CP作絮凝剂能显著改善低温低浊水的絮凝效果与过滤性能,但混合强度需增大,宜用粗砂滤料过滤;③单独用CP作絮凝剂时,宜投加分子量较低的弱阳性聚合物或投加低剂量较高分子量的强阳性聚合物;CP用作助凝剂时,能显著减少主混凝剂用量,但宜投加强阳性聚合物或增加弱阳性聚合物的剂量.④CP兼备电性中和与吸附架桥絮凝作用,能形成粒径较大、吸附性能与过滤性能良好的网状絮体构型,其有效质量密度高,产生的污泥量少,污泥沉降速度快,脱水效果好,但分维值低.⑤各种水处理药剂的处理效果为:Al2(SO4)3(或PAC) CP＞CP＞PAC＞Al2(SO4)3,这种差别由絮体的形态学特性与构型特征各异引起.     

Comparison of mesophilic and thermophilic anaerobic digestions of thermal hydrolysis pretreated swine manure: Process performance, microbial communities and energy balance

Anaerobic digestion (AD) of swine manure (SM) commonly shows low biogas output and unsatisfactory economic performance. In this study, thermophilic AD (TAD, 50 ± 1 °C) was combined with thermal hydrolysis pretreatment (THP, 170 °C/10 bar), to investigate its potential for maximizing biogas yield, securing successful digestion and microbial diversity, as well as improving energy balance. Four lab-scale continuously stirred tank reactors were operated for 300 days and compared with each other, i.e., reactor 1 (raw SM fed in mesophilic AD: RSM-MAD), reactor 2 (THP-treated SM fed in MAD: TSM-MAD), reactor 3 (RSM-TAD), and reactor 4 (TSM-TAD). The results showed that THP was efficient to increase methane production of SM, TSM-TAD mode led to the highest methane yield (129.8 ± 40.5 mL-CH₄/g-VS/day) among the tests (p < 0.05). Although TAD was more likely to induce free ammonia (> 700 mg/L) or volatile fatty acids (> 6000 mg/L) accumulation compared with MAD in start-up phase, TSM-TAD treatment mode behaved a sustainable digestion process in a long-term operation. For TSM-TAD scenario, higher Shannon–Weaver (3.873) and lower Simpson index (0.061) indicated this mode ensured and enlarged the diversity of bacteria communities. Phylum Bathyarchaeota was dominant (59.3%−90.0%) in archaea community, followed by Euryarchaeota in the four reactors. RSM-MAD treatment mode achieved the highest energy output (4.65 GJ/day), TSM-TAD was less effective (−17.38 GJ/day) due to increased energy demands. Thus improving the energetic efficiency of THP units is recommended for the development of TSM-TAD treatment mode.